The volume, aimed at students, researchers, and practitioners, explores the emerging data-based economy and its legal implications. In this context, the European Union and China have emerged as key players in regulation, following different paths: the EU has responded to its technological weakness with a broad and articulated regulatory effort, while China, after an initial minimal approach, has developed a structured digital regulatory framework, positioning itself as a leading player in both technological and legal terms. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, the volume explores the approaches adopted by the two actors in defining the legal framework of the new data economy, against the backdrop of the evolution of EU-China relations. The analyses in this volume cover a wide array of topics, from the bilateral economic relations between the EU and China to digital dialogues, digital sovereignty processes, data circulation, and AI regulation.