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Reading Minds: How Childhood Teaches Us to Understand People de Henry Wellman

Reading Minds: How Childhood Teaches Us to Understand People

Autor Henry Wellman
en Limba Engleză Hardback – 31 ian 2020

În lucrarea Reading Minds, Henry Wellman propune o perspectivă integratoare asupra modului în care facultatea umană de a „citi” mințile celorlalți se cristalizează în primii ani de viață. Ceea ce aduce nou această lucrare este demonstrația faptului că înțelegerea stărilor mentale — speranțe, planuri, dorințe și emoții — nu este un bagaj informațional primit pasiv, ci o construcție activă, realizată treptat de către copil pentru a naviga lumea socială. Autorul extrage „teoria minții” din sfera abstractă a laboratorului și o plasează în centrul experienței umane cotidiene, explicând cum succesul sau eșecul acestui proces definește capacitatea adultului de a crea o poveste de viață coerentă sau de a interacționa social. Remarcăm modul în care Wellman extinde relevanța acestor mecanisme cognitive dincolo de psihologia dezvoltării, făcând conexiuni surprinzătoare cu antropologia religiei și receptarea estetică a narațiunilor. Această abordare completează perspectiva oferită de The Development of Commonsense Psychology, adăugând o dimensiune funcțională care explică nu doar cum apar aceste abilități până la vârsta de cinci ani, ci și cum ele fundamentează comportamente complexe, precum gustul pentru romane sau filme. Față de volumul Individual Differences in Theory of Mind, care se concentrează pe variațiile dintre indivizi, lucrarea lui Wellman caută numitorul comun al umanității noastre, oferind o sinteză accesibilă despre cum învățăm să fim ființe sociale. Suntem de părere că volumul reușește să traducă rigoarea academică a Oxford University Press într-un parcurs narativ esențial pentru înțelegerea dezvoltării cognitive.

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Specificații

ISBN-13: 9780190878672
ISBN-10: 0190878673
Pagini: 200
Dimensiuni: 236 x 157 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.41 kg
Editura: Oxford University Press
Colecția OUP USA
Locul publicării:New York, United States

De ce să citești această carte

Recomandăm această carte educatorilor, psihologilor și părinților care doresc să înțeleagă arhitectura invizibilă a socializării. Cititorul va câștiga o perspectivă clară asupra modului în care copiii își construiesc sistemele de descifrare a intențiilor celorlalți. Este un motiv concret pentru a reciti comportamentele infantile nu ca simple reacții, ci ca pași fundamentali în formarea unei teorii complexe despre mintea umană, esențială pentru autonomia adultă.

Despre autor

Henry Wellman este un cercetător de renume în domeniul psihologiei dezvoltării, fiind recunoscut pentru studiile sale asupra modului în care copiii dobândesc o „teorie a minții”. Opera sa explorează intersecția dintre cogniție și interacțiune socială, investigând cum mecanismele de gândire evoluează de la naștere până la maturitate. În alte lucrări, precum Psycho-Physical Dualism Today, Wellman a analizat critic relația minte-corp, o temă care subzistă și în Reading Minds sub forma interogației despre natura stărilor mentale interne. Expertiza sa oferă rigoare științifică prezentării modului în care biologia și experiența colaborează în formarea individului social.

Descriere

The need to understand human social life is basic to our human nature and fuels a life-long quest that we begin in early childhood. Key to this quest is trying to fathom our inner mental states--our hopes, plans, wants, thoughts, and emotions. Scientists deem this developing a "theory of mind." In Reading Minds, Henry Wellman tells the story of our journey into that understanding.Our hard-won, everyday comprehension of people and minds is not spoon-fed or taught. Each of us creates a wide-ranging theory of mind step-by-step and uses it to understand how all people work. Failure to learn these steps cripples a child, and ultimately an adult, in areas as diverse as interacting socially, creating a coherent life story, enjoying drama and movies, and living on one's own. Progressing along these steps--as most of us do--allows us to see the nature of our shared humanity, to understand our children and our childhood selves, to teach and to learn from others, and to better navigate and make sense of our social world. Theory of mind is basic to why some of us become religious believers and others atheists, why some of us become novelists and all of us love stories, why some love scary movies and some hate them. Reading Minds illuminates how we develop this theory of mind as children, how that defines us as individuals, and ultimately how it defines us as human.

Recenzii

The book makes for a fun reference text, in part because the narrative flows so easily.
Henry Wellman offers a compelling narrative of how children construct an increasingly elaborate theory of the human mind. Children use that theory to make sense of what people say, do, think and feel. It helps children to communicate, make friends, collaborate, play games, and empathize--and it gives them a way to think about a variety of other minds: the minds of imaginary playmates, fictional characters, animals, robots, and even supernatural agents, such as God. A pioneer in the field, with impeccable research credentials, Wellman has written an accessible account of one of the most fertile and enduring research programs in developmental psychology.
Henry Wellman is the world's leading authority on children's 'theory of mind'-the way that we come to understand the minds of others. It is a topic that is increasingly central in developmental and clinical psychology and in neuroscience, and is equally important to parents and teachers. This comprehensive, clear, and very accessible and readable book provides the best possible introduction to the field. But it also includes fascinating and exciting new ideas about the frontiers of the research, from robots to religion.
Most people think that psychologists read minds but what Henry Wellman demonstrates is that this is a natural ability we all possess from an early age. Peppered with fascinating examples from the lab and the real world, Reading Minds is a journey of wonder into this field of human development. Who better to guide us than one of leading experts who has mapped so much of the terrain.

Notă biografică

Henry Wellman graduated with a BA from Pomona College in 1970 and with a PhD from the Institute of Child Psychology at the University of Minnesota in 1975. He has been on the faculty of the University of Michigan for just over 40 years. His book Making Minds (OUP 2014) won book awards from the American Psychological Association and the Cognitive Development Society. He is recipient of the Distinguished Faculty Achievement Award, University of Michigan 2009; the G. Stanley Hall Award (for distinguished career contributions to Developmental Psychology) from the American Psychological Association, 2012; and a MERIT award from the National Institute of Child Health and Development.

Cuprins

  • Preface
  • Chapter 1: Reading Minds 101
  • How We Begin
  • Reading the Minds of Others
  • Mistakes Are Made
  • Life Without Reading Minds: Autism and Mind Blindness
  • Going Forward
  • Chapter 2: Mindreading, Gossip, and Liars
  • Gossip: Can You Blame Your Primate DNA?
  • Reading Minds 102
  • Not Just for Experts: Everyday Psychology
  • Lies, Damned Lies, and Deceptions
  • How to Detect Liars
  • Our Social Brain
  • Chapter 3: Friends, Secrets, and Lies
  • Children Master False Beliefs
  • Back to Africa
  • Lies and Deception
  • Hiding and Secrets
  • Persuasion
  • Ruby Bridges and Friendlessness
  • Chapter 4: Imagination and Reality
  • Real or Imagined: Can Children Tell?
  • Jean Piaget
  • Imaginary Companions
  • Mixing Mind and Reality--We All Do It
  • In Sum
  • Chapter 5: Putting the Theory in Theory of Mind
  • Temple Grandin: Thinking in Pictures
  • Everyday Theories
  • Building Theories
  • Theory? Or Not?
  • Chapter 6: Block by Block
  • Building Theory of Mind
  • How Deafness Influences Theory of Mind
  • Stepping Up
  • Deaf with Deaf Parents
  • Watching a Sign Language Arise
  • Enhancing Theory of Mind
  • Can Sequences Differ?
  • Theories Beget Theories
  • Building with Blocks
  • Chapter 7: The Baby Boom: Where Reading Minds Begins
  • Infants' Social Understanding
  • How It's Done
  • Preferences
  • How Infants Understand People
  • Further Questions
  • Primal Egocentrism
  • False Beliefs?
  • Human Learning: The Real Baby Boom
  • Chapter 8: Superpowers, God, Omniscience, and Afterlife
  • Superheroes
  • How Children Link to God
  • Omniscience?
  • Does Religion Help?
  • Adult, Too
  • The Living Dead
  • Afterlife
  • Is Your Mind Invisible? Is Your Brain?
  • The Invisible Brain
  • The Soul Has It
  • Transcending the Ordinary
  • Chapter 9: Possible Worlds, Possible Minds
  • When People Don't Care
  • When God Talks Back
  • Mind Overcomes Reality
  • People Everywhere are Different, People Everywhere are Just the Same
  • Teaching and Time
  • Rubber Band Development
  • Contradictions and Progress
  • Chapter 10: Chimps, Dogs and Us: The Evolution of Reading Minds
  • How Human Are They?
  • Rich or Lean?
  • The Lean
  • Getting Richer
  • Chimp Limitations
  • Human versus Chimp: Sharing, Helping, and Acquiring
  • Sharing and Cooperation
  • Helpful Disclosures
  • Helpful Acts
  • My Dog Can Read My Mind
  • Temperamental Humans
  • Social Intelligence
  • Chapter 11: The Social Brain
  • Cells that Read Minds
  • How It Works
  • Yawning Infects Us
  • TOM: The Theory of Mind Network
  • Childish Brains
  • Plastic Brains
  • Chapter 12: Hi, Robot
  • The Uncanny Valley
  • Creepiness Creeps In
  • Learning from Robots
  • Trustworthy Testimony
  • Developing Ideas about Robots
  • Younger Children Learn from Robots
  • Younger versus Older Children and Robots
  • Feelings toward Robots
  • Morality for Robots?
  • Into the Future
  • Chapter 13: Theory of Mind At Work
  • At Work in the Law
  • Mind Bubbles Up
  • Mysteries of Mind
  • Theory of Mind at Work for Childish Adults
  • Theory of Mind Works Against Us
  • Forecasting Feelings
  • Surprise: It's Not the Thought that Counts
  • Easy Knowledge Is Bad for You
  • How to Get Smarter
  • Always Working
  • Chapter 14: Stories, Theories, Minds
  • The Stories We Live By
  • Self-Deceptions and Errors
  • Understanding and Misunderstanding Emotions
  • It's Magic
  • We Don't Know What We Don't Know
  • Reading Minds