This book offers a timely introduction to railway brake systems. It introduces operational aspects as well as a set of rail vehicle specific requirements, such as wheel-rail contact and rail vehicle dynamics. It discusses the process of brake control, in particular for automatic pneumatic brake system and brake systems for multiple units. In turn, the book gives insights into braking force generation, covering both friction brake systems and regenerative brakes. It also describes performance calculations, discussing concepts for brake systems design. Despite the focus is mainly on European braking systems, the book identifies key and general aspects, thus offering an inspiring reading for researchers and professionals that are active both inside and outside of Europe.