Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with high incidence and prevalence. Early detection of PCa has been an area for research to decrease its morbidity and mortality. The discovery of prostate specific antigen (PSA) revolutionised screening of PCa, which was largely dependent on detection of prostatic acid phosphatase and digital rectal examination. Several leading organisations and cancer societies, based on present evidence, have published their recommendations for its use in detection and monitoring of PCa. There has been difference in opinions on its appropriate threshold value to recommend prostate biopsy and benefits on health outcomes due to its use in screening. This book presents and discusses current research in the study of PCa and it's role in the screening of prostate cancer.