This book includes eight chapters of original research articles and six chapters of review articles, encompassing the latest advancements in detection, growth and treatment of prostate cancer. Detection of prostate cancer in human patients has been well established using prostate-specific antigen as a marker and a variety of imaging tools. However, for laboratory studies particularly in preclinical animal studies, such tools are still being developed. This book introduces novel imaging methods, such as bioluminescent imaging, chemiluminescence, and magnetic resonance imaging. Prostate cancer stem cells are emerging as a new focus of research. How to detect cancer stem cells and how to culture them are described in details herein. This book highlights several studies in exploring some unknown aspects of prostate cancer.