The common fruitfly, Drosophila, is the most extensively studied of all organisms in genetical research. Thus, it would appear to be the best model for achieving new insights. Its use in evolutionary studies has resulted in an explosion of knowledge which has never before been gathered into a single volume. This book spans the full range of evolutionary studies - population genetics, ecology, ecological genetics, speciation, phylogenetics, genome evolution, molecular evolution, and development. In covering these topics, highlights of empirical research are emphasized and are put into the context of major issues in evolution.