Probiotics are live micro-organisms that beneficially influence human health. The majority of probiotics are found in the gastrointestinal tract and are mainly represented by lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In this new book, the authors present current research in the study of the sources, types and health benefits of probiotics. Topics included in this compilation include the role of probiotics and dietary fibre on the modulation of human gut flora to a healthy flora; porcine toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with immunobiotics; probiotics in the prevention and treatment of elderly disease; probiotic cheeses; antibiotic resistance and probiotics; and probiotics in maternal and early infant nutrition.