This now classic study maps the profound effect of primitive art on modern, as well as the primitivizing strain in modern art itself. Robert Goldwater describes how and why works by primitive artists attracted modern painters and sculptors, and he delineates the differences between what is truly primitive or archaic and what intentionally embodies such elements. His analysis distinguishes the romanticism of Gauguin; an emotional primitivism exemplified by the Brucke and Blaue Reiter groups in Germany; the intellectual primitivism of Picasso and Modigliani; and a primitivism of the subconscious in Miro, Klee, and Dali. Two of Goldwater's related essays Judgments of Primitive Art, 1905 1965 and Art History and Anthropology have been added for this new paperback edition.