Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Chapter One focuses on important aspects regarding potential risk factors, potential complications, and clinical analyses of PTB. Chapter Two summarizes the basic confounders that may indeed affect prolongation interval based on findings of both prospective and large retrospective series of tertiary centres. Chapter Three offers new approaches to diminish the deleterious impacts of preterm birth, such as neonatal death and the development of cerebral palsy. Chapter Four discusses the burden of late foetal mortality (LFM) in perinatal assistance.