Neonatology is a field in pediatrics which is concerned with the medical care of newborn infants, in particular, infants who are ill or born premature. Infants may be born with low birth weight, congenital malformations, pulmonary hypoplasia, birth asphyxia, intrauterine growth restriction or sepsis. The infant in the neonatal period also adapts to extrauterine life and develops its physiological systems. The medical care for such infants is provided in neonatal intensive care units. The development of mechanical ventilation and pulmonary surfactant replacement therapy in recent decades has improved the survival of premature infants. This book unravels the recent researches in the field of neurodegeneration. It presents studies performed by experts across the globe. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into the field of neonatology.