Power and Choice: An Introduction to Political Science
Autor W. Phillips Shively, David Schultzen Limba Engleză Paperback – 13 apr 2022
În capitolul dedicat ideologiilor moderne și filosofiei politice, descoperim cum tensiunea dintre liberalism, conservatorism și alternativele socialiste continuă să modeleze deciziile colective în secolul al XXI-lea. Power and Choice nu este doar un manual introductiv, ci o analiză riguroasă a modului în care puterea este exercitată pentru a genera opțiuni în cadrul statului. Ajunsă la a 16-a ediție, lucrarea semnată de W. Phillips Shively și David Schultz se distinge prin capacitatea de a ancora teoria politică în realități imediate și stringente.
Recomandăm această ediție pentru modul în care integrează evenimente recente care au recalibrat scena globală: de la gestionarea politică a pandemiei de COVID-19, la tranzițiile administrative de la Casa Albă și ascensiunea naționalismului în state precum Ungaria. Structura cărții este concepută progresiv, pornind de la definirea politicii ca mecanism de luare a deciziilor comune (Partea I) și avansând spre funcțiile complexe ale statului modern și ale politicilor publice (Partea II). Comparabil cu Politics de Andrew Heywood în ceea ce privește acoperirea conceptelor fundamentale, acest volum este însă mai aplicat pe dinamica puterii brute și a alegerii raționale, fiind actualizat pentru a include discuții despre inegalitate și dezvoltarea economică a femeilor.
Autorul W. Phillips Shively continuă aici abordarea metodologică precisă pe care a stabilit-o în The Craft of Political Research, transformând datele brute din hărți și tabele în argumente coerente despre comportamentul politic. Această ediție aduce un suflu nou prin explorarea impactului mișcărilor sociale recente și a problematicii LGBTQ la nivel global, oferind studenților un instrument de lucru echilibrat, care nu evită controversele prezentului, ci le analizează prin prisma științei politice clasice.
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Specificații
ISBN-10: 1538151863
Pagini: 496
Ilustrații: 17 b/w illustrations;3 colour illustrations; 25 colour photos; 47 maps; 41 table; 13 graphs; 43 textboxes
Dimensiuni: 176 x 252 x 20 mm
Greutate: 0.8 kg
Ediția:16th edition
Editura: Bloomsbury Publishing
Colecția Rowman & Littlefield
Locul publicării:New York, United States
De ce să citești această carte
Recomandăm această carte oricărui student la științe politice care dorește să înțeleagă nu doar cum funcționează instituțiile, ci și cum se exercită puterea în contextul crizelor moderne. Cititorul câștigă o perspectivă globală, susținută de 47 de hărți și numeroase studii de caz, primind un instrument esențial pentru a descifra fenomene precum populismul contemporan sau mișcările pentru drepturi civile. Este o resursă academică de bază, adaptată realităților anului 2024.
Despre autor
W. Phillips Shively este profesor de științe politice la Universitatea din Minnesota, având o carieră academică remarcabilă ce include perioade de predare la Yale și Universitatea din Oslo. Expertiza sa în studiul comparativ al alegerilor și tehnicile de cercetare este reflectată în lucrarea sa de referință, The Craft of Political Research. David Schultz, co-autorul acestei ediții, aduce o perspectivă multidisciplinară, fiind profesor de drept și științe politice, cu o experiență vastă în analiza dreptului electoral și a influenței banilor în politică, publicând peste 35 de volume de specialitate.
Descriere
Power & Choice offers an in-depth look into the nuances of politics through the analysis of collective choices for a group or state through the use of power. Organized topically and using extended case examples from around the world, Power & Choice provides undergraduate students with a clear and engaging introduction to political science and comparative politics.
The 16th Edition has been updated to address the issues raised by the covid-19 pandemic, as well as the impact the Trump and Biden presidencies have had so far upon the world and its democracies, including challenges in states such as Hungary where illiberal democracy and nationalism are on the rise. The authors have also included discussion of the impact of the death of George Floyd upon race relations in America, and how issues such as growing inequality are impacting politics. This edition adds examination of women's economic development and the rising importance of LGBTQ issues globally.
Cuprins
List of Examples
Preface
PART I THE IDEA OF POLITICS
1 Politics: Setting the Stage
Politics
Politics as the Making of Common Decisions
Politics as the Exercise of Power
Power and Choice
Politics of the State
Political Science
The Pleasures of Politics
Key Terms | Review Questions
2 Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy
American Ideologies
Liberalism
The Conservative Reaction
Liberalism and Conservatism in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
The Socialist Alternative
Communism and Socialism
Fascism
Ideologies in the Twenty-First Century
Religion, Politics, and Political Philosophy
Political Philosophy in Other Historical Eras
Key Terms | Review Questions
PART II THE STATE AND PUBLIC POLICY
3 The Modern State
The Development of the Modern State
The Origin of States: Power or Choice?
The State as a Device to Provide Public Goods and Address Externalities
"State," "Nation," and the "Nation-State"
State-Building
Government and the State
Challenges to the State
Example 3.1 ¦ State-Building in Nigeria
Example 3.2 ¦ State-Building in the European Union
Key Terms | Review Questions
4 Policies of the State
The Role of Government in the Third World
Why Are the World's States Expanding?
Constraints and Conditions for Policy
Defense Policy
Education
Research and Development
Health and Social Welfare
Human Rights
Progress Across the Last Century and a Half
The Place of Power in Policy Analysis
Example 4.1 ¦ The Demographic Challenge
Example 4.2 ¦ Economic Development Compared with "Human Development"
Example 4.3 ¦ Rwanda's War on Plastic Bags
Example 4.4 ¦ Female Economic Development
Key Terms | Review Questions
5 Economic Policy of the State
Economic Performance I: Growth
Economic Performance II: Controlling Inflation and Unemployment
Distribution and Economic Inequality
Independent Central Banks
Corruption
Other Measures Available to Government
Globalization: Are States Losing Their Ability to Make Economic Policy?
Political Economy
Example 5.1 ¦ Economic Policy in Germany
Example 5.2 ¦ Economic Policy in Indonesia
Key Terms | Review Questions
6 What Lies Behind Policy: Questions of Justice and Effectiveness
The Problem of Justice
Other Aspects of Justice: Procedural Justice
Effectiveness
A Basic Question of Effectiveness: Authority versus the Market
Power and Choice
The Need to Act, Even under Uncertainty
Example 6.1 ¦ Political Choice
Key Terms | Review Questions
PART III THE CITIZEN AND THE REGIME
7 Democracies and Authoritarian Systems
The History and Evolution of Democracy
Democracy Today
The Coming and Going of Democracy
Possible Explanations
What Did We Learn from the Third Wave?
Why Are Prosperous Countries Likely to Be Democracies?
Democracy and Freedom
Democracy and Capitalism
Authoritarian Systems
Military Government
Why Aren't There More Military Governments?
One-Party States
Monarchies and Theocracies
Democracy versus Authoritarianism: Material Considerations
"Power and Choice" Again
Example 7.1 ¦ Authoritarian Drift in Venezuela?
Example 7.2 ¦ Theocracy in Iran
Example 7.3 ¦ The "Arab Spring": A Failed Wave of Democratization
Example 7.4 ¦ The European Colors Revolutions
Key Terms | Review Questions
8 Political Culture and Political Socialization
Analyzing Political Cultures
Religion and Political Culture
Political Socialization
Media as Agents of Political Socialization
Political Culture and the "Democratic Citizen"
How Well Do Citizens Meet These Requirements?
Social Capital
Example 8.1 ¦ Building Authority and Legitimacy in West Germany after World War II
Example 8.2 ¦ Declining Democratic Legitimacy in the United States
Key Terms | Review Questions
PART IV THE APPARATUS OF GOVERNANCE
9 Constitutions and the Design of Government
Variations in Formality
The Virtue of Vagueness
Other Principles of Constitutional Design
Constitution-Writing
The Geographic Concentration of Power
"Federal" and "Unitary" States
The Distinction between "Unitary" and "Centralized" States
How Much Centralization Is Good?
Constitutions and Guarantees of Rights
Written Constitutions Can Do Only So Much: The Importance of Norms
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law
Example 9.1 ¦ Constitutional Government in Great Britain
Example 9.2 ¦ Constitution-Writing in South Africa
Key Terms | Review Questions
10 Elections
Elections as a Means of Building Support
Elections as a Means of Selecting Leaders and Policies
Electoral Systems
Ranked Choice Voting
Referendums
Electoral Participation
Effects of Choice and Information on Turnout
The Paradox of Voting
The Bases of Individuals' Electoral Choices
Example 10.1 ¦ Proportional Representation Elections in Israel
Example 10.2 ¦ Elections in Nigeria
Example 10.3 ¦ Gender Quotas
Key Terms | Review Questions
11 Parties: A Linking and Leading Mechanism in Politics
The Political Party
Origins of the Modern Party
Political Parties and the Mobilization of the Masses
Political Parties and the Recruitment and Socialization of Leaders
Political Parties as a Source of Political Identity
Political Parties as a Channel of Control
Striking a Balance in Partisanship
Party Organization
Michels's "Iron Law of Oligarchy
Party Finance
The Digital Challenge to Parties
Political Party Systems
Party Change and Dynamics
Power and Choice
Example 11.1 ¦ The Communist Party of China
Example 11.2 ¦ Canada's Political Parties
Key Terms | Review Questions
12 Structured Conflict: Interest Groups and Politics
Interest Groups and Representation
Interest Groups and the Problem of Public Goods
Types of Interest Groups
Tactics of Interest Groups
The Choice of Tactics
Patterns of Organized Interest-Group Activity
Pluralism
Neocorporatism
Pluralism and Neocorporatism: Power and Choice
Example 12.1 ¦ Interest Groups in France
Example 12.2 ¦ Attenuated Interest Groups in Bangladesh
Key Terms | Review Questions
13 Social Movements and Contentious Politics
Why Now?
Advantages (and Disadvantages) of Informal Organization
Example 13.1 ¦ Two Uprisings in Iran
Example 13.2 ¦ The "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine
Example 13.3 ¦ George Floyd, Police Reform, and Black Lives Matter
Key Terms | Review Questions
14 National Decision-Making Institutions: Parliamentary Government
Head of State
Head of Government
Cabinet Control
What Does a Parliament Do?
Parliamentary Committees
Upper Houses
Advantages and Disadvantages of Parliamentary Government
Let's Make Sure I Haven't Made This Sound Too Simple
"Consensus" Parliamentarism
Parliaments in Authoritarian Systems
Example 14.1 ¦ Parliamentary Government in India
Example 14.2 ¦ Parliamentary Government in Germany
Example 14.3 ¦ Should the US Change to a Parliamentary System?
Key Terms | Review Questions
15 National Decision-Making Institutions: Presidential Government
Political Parties and Presidential Government
Presidential Leadership
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Compared
Responsibility for Policy
Presidential Systems and Comprehensive Policy
Recruitment of Executive Leaders
Review and Control of the Executive
"Court" Politics
Flexibility of the Political Process
The Split Executive of Parliamentary Systems
Why Aren't All Democracies Parliamentary Systems?
Democracy and the Question of Accountability
A Note on Institutions and Power
Example 15.1 ¦ Presidential Hybrid in France
Example 15.2 ¦ Presidential Government in Mexico
Example 15.3 ¦ US Presidential Selection
Key Terms | Review Questions
16 Bureaucracy and the Public Sector
Public Administration as a Political Problem
Characteristics of Good Public Administration
"Bureaucracy": A Reform of the Nineteenth Century
Bureaucracy versus Flexibility
The Problem of Protected Incompetence
Adjustments to Bureaucracy
Social Representativeness of Public Administration
The Universal Problem of Bureaucracy
Example 16.1 ¦ The French Bureaucracy
Example 16.2 ¦ Bureaucratic Cultures in Europe and Africa
Key Terms | Review Questions
17 Law and the Courts
Anglo-Saxon Case Law
Continental European Code Law
The Blending of Case Law and Code Law
Religious Law: The Sharia
Courts
Judicial Review
Independent Judiciary and the State
Example 17.1 ¦ The Law in China
Example 17.2 ¦ The European Court of Justice
Key Terms | Review Questions
PART V INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
18 Global Politics: Politics among States (and Others)
The Absence of Central Authority
Fiduciary Political Roles and International Morality
Theories of State in International Politics
Impediments to International Communication
Power and International Politics
International Political Economy
The Process of International Politics
The Evolution of the International System since World War II
The World since the Cold War
Power and Choice in International Politics
Example 18.1 ¦ Climate Change: A Problem of Public Goods among States
Example 18.2 ¦ The United Nations
A Personal Note
Key Terms | Review Questions
Appendix: Principles of Political Analysis
Is Political Science a Science?
Falsifiability
What Makes a Statement Interesting?
Causation and Explanation
Historical Explanation
A Few Common Pitfalls in Analysis
Key Terms
Glossary
Notes
Index
Recenzii
Power & Choice presents a rigorous and passionate analysis of politics from a comparative and global perspective. It provides clear and concise explanations on political science theories and empirics and reminds us that politics is the art of the possible. Simply the best introductory textbook on politics.
Power and Choice is the perfect core text for introduction to political science courses with a global or comparative perspective. Rather than a country-by-country organization, it is organized by core concepts that students need to learn. Each conceptual chapter draws on essential literature in political science and provides highly accessible country cases and examples at the end. As a result, Shively has been my 'go to' for my introductory classes.
Power and Choice is a superior choice for an introductory undergraduate textbook in political science. It helps students achieve concept fluency and make clear connections between what is taught in class and what unfolds in the political world around them.