This book aims to present the progress in the science of polymers and monomer, synthesis, study of properties and application of polymers, polymer mixtures, composites and filled polymers. This book collects original articles and reviews important for both pure and applied chemistry. The application of polymers in medicine, composites and nanocomposites, reduction of polymer material combustibility, kinetics and the mechanism of various reactions are of special attention. Both synthetic and natural polymers are discussed. Some part of the collection, related to chemistry and physics of polymers, is devoted to oligomers and low-molecular compounds. This book brings together new and exciting research in this field.