The study of genes, genetic variation and heredity in plants is referred to as plant genetics. It is a field of biology and botany that encompasses various life sciences. Plant genetics is primarily applied to the genetic modification of plants for increasing disease resistance, nutritional value and yield. The science of changing the characteristics of plants for the purpose of increasing their nutritional value is termed as plant breeding. There are a diverse range of techniques which are used in plant breeding such as marker assisted selection, genetic modification and reverse breeding. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of plant genetics and breeding. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on this field have been included in this book. This textbook will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.