Plant genes determine what traits the plant will have. The science of modifying these characteristic traits of plants to produce desired traits is known as plant breeding. It is done to improve the quality of nutrients present in plant products that are used by humans and animals. It is also used to enhance food security by making new varieties of crops that are disease resistant, regionally adapted, higher yielding, drought tolerant and adaptive to different environments. This field uses a variety of techniques. These range from simple methods like selection and deliberate interbreeding to complex molecular genetics techniques like reverse breeding and doubled haploids, genetic modification and marker assisted selection. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to this discipline. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and studies on plant breeding have been included herein. This book, with its detailed analyzes and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.