In recent years, pharmaceuticals have come into focus as one of the major contaminants of the environment from various anthropogenic sources which are distributed widely throughout global environmental matrices. The objective of this book is to comprehend and discuss the effects associated with long-term usage of various categories of drugs like analgesics, antipyretics, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their metabolites on human health, the environment and ecology. This book will address all the issues of urgent concern and will be dealing with this important topic in a simple manner. Furthermore, it also aims to improve the knowledge of the possible ways to degrade these compounds after their release into the environment and obtain robust and cost efficient techniques and measures to be applied in the removal of hazardous pharmaceutical contaminants from the environment.