The rising socioeconomic toll of diabetes, in particular the Type 2 form of the disease, is reverberating around the world. A disease that has sporadically plagued mankind for centuries seems to have increased in prevalence in tandem with rapid economic transitions, notably in countries with the highest number of diabetics such as China and the USA. This resource guide is comprised of information about diabetes in those countries as well as in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Africa. In addition, the latest antidiabetic therapies and infectious comorbidities associated with the disease are discussed in separate chapters. Scattered throughout the guide are fictional scenarios about challenges diabetics and their doctors might face in individualizing recommended management algorithms.