We provide a broad overview of human brain development with associated malformations and injuries that occur in the period between early embryogenesis and delivery. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the molecular and environmental cues that shape the developing brain. For each developmental stage, we give examples of disorders that arise from genetic and/or environmental insults to illustrate critical points of neurological susceptibility. Table of Contents: Introduction / Origin of the Central Nervous System: The Neural Tube (3-4 Weeks Gestation) / Patterning of the Neural Tube: A Blueprint for the CNS / Neural Proliferation and Migration (3 Months Gestation Into Postnatal Period) / Organization of Neuronal Circuits and Synaptogenesis (5 Months Gestation-Postnatal Years) / Gliogenesis and Myelination (5-Month Childhood) / Developmental Brain Injury: Before, During, and After Birth / Conclusion / References / Author Biographies