Pediatrics is a field of medicine that deals with the medical care of children, newborns and adolescents. The field encompasses the behavioral, physical and mental health of children. It includes the acute, chronic and preventative medical care. Routine child assessments are done to stay abreast of the developmental milestones met in terms of growth, behavior and skills, to ensure immunization, proper nutrition, etc. The diagnosis and treatment of infections, injuries, cancers, genetic and congenital conditions, and organ diseases are under the scope of this field. Pediatrics is not only focused on the immediate management of a condition but also the long term improvement of the quality of life, survival and life with disability. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of pediatrics and the recent researches in this domain. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.