In Papua (formerly Irian Jaya), the Indonesian archipelagos easternmost province, pro-independence groups have waged a long struggle against the central government. Now, a confluence of factors in the international community, Indonesia, and Papua present an opportunity to resolve the conflict. Following up on the Councils 2003 Indonesia Commission report, Peace in Papua surveys the issues and recounts the current state of play. The report makes recommendations for the Indonesian government, Papuans, and other countriesparticularly the United Statesfor moving forward toward a resolution, while still addressing other challenges in Indonesia.