This book highlights recent advances and new ideas in promoting the techniques, technology and applications of pattern recognition. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the developments of techniques and approaches on pattern recognition. Pattern recognition is the science of making inferences from perceptual data, using tools from statistics, probability, computational geometry, machine learning, signal processing, and algorithm design. A wealth of advanced pattern recognition algorithms are emerging from the interdiscipline between technologies of effective visual features and the human-brain cognition process. Effective visual features are made possible through the rapid developments in appropriate sensor equipments, novel filter designs, and viable information processing architectures. While the understanding of human-brain cognition process broadens the way in which the computer can perform pattern recognition task. Pattern recognition is the imposition of identity on input data, such as speech, images, or a stream of text, by the recognition and delineation of patterns it contains and their relationships. Stages in pattern recognition may involve measurement of the object to identify distinguishing attributes, extraction of features for the defining attributes, and comparison with known patterns to determine a match or mismatch. Pattern recognition has extensive application in astronomy, medicine, robotics, and remote sensing by satellites.