Volume 66 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry is based on a two day short course entitled Paleoaltimetry: Geochemical and Thermodynamic Approaches held prior to the Geological Society of American annual meeting in Denver, Colorado (October 26-27, 2007). This meeting and volume were sponsored by the Geochemical Society, Mineralogical Society of America, and the United States Department of Energy. Contents: The Significance of PaleotopographyStable Isotope-Based Paleoaltimetry: Theory and ValidationPaleoelevation Reconstruction Using Pedogenic CarbonatesStable Isotope Paleoaltimetry in Orogenic Belts - The Silicate Record in Surface and Crustal Geological ArchivesPaleoaltimetry from Stable Isotope Compositions of FossilsA Review of Paleotemperature-Lapse Rate Methods for Estimating Paleoelevation from Fossil FlorasPaleoaltimetry: A Review of Thermodynamic MethodsPaleoelevation Measurement on the Basis of Vesicular BasaltsStomatal Frequency Change Over Altitudinal Gradients: Prospects for PaleoaltimetryThermochronologic Approaches to PaleotopographyTerrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides as Paleoaltimetric Proxies