Bivalve molluscs are scientifically and economically important invertebrates. Among them, oysters and clams dominate other species with respect to global distribution and aquaculture production. Recently, with research advancements in farming technology, environmental monitoring and disease control, as well as the diversification of cultured species, new findings and outcomes have emerged. This book presents a compilation of the latest research on oyster and clam culture, including aspects of ecological distribution and management, disease, physiological responses to environmental stressors or host-pathogen interactions, in most cases from a multidisciplinary approach.