An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number of component sugars, also known as simple sugars (monosaccharides). Oligosaccharides can have many functions; for example, they are commonly found on the plasma membrane of animal cells where they can play a role in cell-cell recognition. This book presents topical research data in the study of oligosaccharides, including the study of human and bovine milk oligosaccharides; the health benefits and commercial applications of prebiotic oligosaccharides; classification of oligosaccharides synthesised by enzymes; oligosaccharides from sucrose via glycansucrases; and the Mannan oligosaccharides in aquaculture.