It has long been appreciated that ancient medicine, and above all Hippocrates and Galen, played a significant role in the development of medicine until the Age of Enlightenment, and the last forty years have for the first time seen detailed research into questions related to this. For an adequate understanding of this instructive and powerful influence in Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the early Modern Age, it is necessary to consider the original Greek texts, as well as the surviving Latin and Arabic versions. This volume withfifteen texts by leading scholarsprovides an opportunity to present the results of an international coordination, and is dedicated to two scholars who have made worthy contributions in the field of research into ancient medicine, A. Anastassiou and D. Irmer.