Oats are an ancient traditional cereal crop grown in all parts of the world and are consumed as feed and food in developing countries. Recent research ascertain the health benefits and nutraceutical importance of oats in the daily diet due to the presence of dietary fibre. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the cultivation, uses and health effects of oats. Topics discussed in this compilation include Oat B-Glucans molecular characteristics and health benefits; the stability and degradation of soluble B-Glucan in aqueous processing; oat contamination with mycotoxins and tailoring oats for future food production.