The method of effective field theory (EFT) is ideally suited to deal with physical systems containing separate energy scales. Applied to low energy hadronic phenomena it provides a framework for systematically describing nuclear systems in a way consistent with quantum chromodynamics, the underlying theory of strong interactions. Because EFT offers the possibility of a unified description of all low energy processes involving nucleons, it has the potential to become the foundation of conventional nuclear physics. Much progress has been made recently in this field: a number of observables in the two-nucleon sector were computed and compared to experiment, issues related to the extension of the EFT program to the three-nucleon sector were clarified, and the convergence of the low energy expansion was critically examined. This book contains the proceedings of the Workshop on "Nuclear Physics with Effective Field Theory II", where these and other developments were discussed.