Nuclear physics is the study of the atomic nucleus, and its constituents and interactions. It is concerned with diverse nuclear phenomena, such as nuclear decay and radioactivity, nuclear fission and fusion, nucleosynthesis, etc. This field has brought about advancements in the spheres of medicine, energy, agriculture, engineering, archaeology and geology. Such innovations include nuclear medicine, magnetic resonance imaging, radiocarbon dating, nuclear power, nuclear weapons, etc. Most of the current understanding of particle physics is derived from in-depth studies of nuclear physics. The research in nuclear physics concerns the study of nuclei under extreme conditions of high spin and excitation energy. Nuclei may have extreme neutron-to-proton ratios, or these may be created with artificially induced fusion or nucleon transfer reactions. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of nuclear physics. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies in this field have been included herein. This book is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts.