As the first comparative study of Colossians and 1 Peter, this book fills the need for a more refined understanding of the new existence and moral enablement by each epistle’s author. It detects distinguishing emphases in each author’s theology locating antecedents in cognitive milieus in Second Temple Judaism. It provides needed tools on theological anthropology and moral enablement opening new research avenues for interpreting Colossians in the light of 4QInstruction and 1 Peter in the light of the Hodayot.