Neuronal apoptosis is a normal physiological process that is an essential and integral part of neurogenesis. The massive overproduction of neurons that occur during the development of the brain is followed by a programmed cell death of roughly one-half of the originally formed neurons. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of neuronal cell apoptosis, including comparative microarray analysis of multiple neurodegenerative models; death of neuronal and glial cells induced by photodynamic treatment; cell death during cerebellar development and the fundamental mechanisms and pathophysiological implications of neuronal apoptosis.