In Neurological Diseases: From Diagnosis to Treatment, the authors provide an overview of the most important pathogenic aspects which indicate that therapeutic apheresis can be a supportive therapy in systemic autoimmune diseases such as renal and neurological disorders. Next, the authors examine whether ceftriaxone could influence aluminum brain neurotoxic effects through a study wherein four groups of adult male Wistar rats underwent four different treatments via stereotaxic brain surgery. The concluding study proposes an implementation of a concept of neuropalliative and rehabilitative care for patients with progressive neurological disease within the systems of health and social care in the Czech Republic.