Newborn infants, including term infants, who are admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) usually have various perinatal unfavorable conditions or problems. Some of these problems may directly or indirectly affect or even damage the immature brain, including the brainstem. In this book, Chapter One provides new research on the functional impairment in the auditory brainstem in term infants in the NICU. Chapter Two discusses practices to reduce infant transfusions. Chapter Three reviews parents' perspectives on the hospitalization of preterm infants in NICU.