Discovered almost fifty years ago at Bell Labs (1964), the Nd: YAG laser has undergone an enormous evolution in the years, being now widely used in both basic research and technological applications. Nd: YAG Laser covers a wide range of topics, from new systems (diode pumping, short pulse generation) and components (a new semiorganic nonlinear crystal) to applications in material processing (coating, welding, polishing, drilling, processing of metallic thin films), medicine (treatment, drug administration) and other various fields (semiconductor nanotechnology, plasma spectroscopy, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy