The recent surge of interest in the nanotechnology has significant expanded the breadth and depth of nanostructured materials. The nanoscale grain size can facilitate important advances in the development of nanodevices and nanomedicine to reduce the problems of disease to problems of molecular science, and are creating new opportunities for treating and curing disease. Such advances have led to a new discipline of nanotechnology and lead to a variety of approaches for relieving suffering and prolonging life. This book presents and discusses the uniqueness of chemistry, structure, response and dynamics of nanostructured materials.