This book provides a broad introduction to the field of nanosol application for textile functionalization, a current hot topic of research. Besides a short review of the basics, the focus is on new applications gained with the new materials onto the classic and multiple-times-used textile materials. The range of nanosol modification and new application is set broadly, from new material properties used for improvement of bullet-proof vests up to new biological functions used in medicine to develop advantageous wound bandages.The book provides a short introduction to the sol-gel process, principles in modification of the sols and technical details of the application on textiles, covering in particular the chemical content of the topic. New properties of textiles gained from nanosols are summarized and explained in a broad range, focusing on the mechanical and thermal stability, repellent properties, optical properties, antistatic coatings and bioactive coatings. An active discussion is held on the bioactive modifications, because this wide and interesting field offers a high potential for many new applications, e.g. in medicine. Besides basic research, this book will also provide examples on the transition of academic research to customer products.