Nanoengineering is the field of engineering which focuses on nanoscale. It studies the development and refinement of nanomaterials. It is considered as a practical application of nanoscience, because it does not emphasize on pure science aspects. Examples of nanomaterials include nanocomposites, nanotubes and quantum dots. It also deals with how various nanomaterials interact to make useful structures, systems, devices and materials. There are various techniques used in nanoengineering. They are molecular self-assembly and scanning tunneling microscope. Scanning tunneling microscope is an instrument, which is helpful in imaging surfaces at atomic levels. It can be used for imaging, as well as manipulating structures of atom. The process of molecular self-assembly is used to create regular patterns of amino acids and custom proteins. Nanoengineering is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and how such concepts have practical applications. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.