The novel materials and devices based on nanotechnology and piezoelectric approaches have found wide applications in modern science techniques and technologies. A tremendous interest is ignited with the fast development of theoretical, experimental and numerical methods which provide new knowledge and are capable of providing a forecast on the development of very fine processes; particularly structural and phase transformations taking place during processing, loading and work of modern materials under critical influences. These specimens demonstrate a broad spectrum of properties in scale from nanometers up to macroscopic range. Numerous devices with their very high accuracy, longevity and extended possibilities to work in wide temperature and pressure ranges, aggressive media, etc., demonstrate characteristics directly defined by used compositions and technological solutions.