In this book the authors present current research in the study of the biology and regulation, role in cancer progression and potential implications for therapy of myeloid cells. Topics discussed include the differentiation signalling induced by retinoic acid and vitamin D3; proline rich homeodomain (Prh/Hhex) protein in the control of haematopoiesis and myeloid cell proliferation and its potential as a therapeutic target in myeloid leukaemias and other cancers; apoptosis, cell cycle and epigenetic processes deregulation in myeloproliferative neoplasms; use of animal models to evaluate myeloid cell dysfunction in cancer; use of animal models to evaluate myeloid cell dysfunction in cancer; and the biology of myeloid cells mediating tumour recurrence after radiotherapy.