Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. This book discusses perspectives, clinical aspects and cognitive challenges of MS. Chapter One focuses on the analysis of the data on immunogenetic markers, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and autoantibodies known to play a role in disease progression and the associated cognitive dysfunction. Chapter Two presents an update of the existing literature on the subject of comorbid psychiatric disorders in MS. Chapter Three examines MS patients' awareness of the disease and compliance with pharmacological treatments.