The Montreal Convention came into effect on 3rd November 2003 following the deposit of the 30th ratification document. Meanwhile it applies to 64 states. Through the quick ratification by further states, the precursor, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signet at Warsaw on 12 October 1929, is becoming increasingly obsolete. The aim of the convention is to create a new, modern and comprehensive work of regulations, which corresponds firstly to the altered technical, economic and consumer protected standards and secondly further guarantees a uniform and clear law by integrating the different legal sources of the Warsaw Convention System.The objective of the commentary is to explain the purposes of the con-vention briefly and concisely for the practitioner. As an important source of interpretation serves the history of the origin of the Montreal Convention as well as the Warsaw Convention. Secondly, the annota-tion considers Continental and American precedents in the area of air carrier liability for damage to passengers and goods as well as the legal sources of the European Community legislators. Furthermore, the annotation discusses the differing ways in which various states have implemented the objection of the air carrier to ensure the compulsory insurance. The Montreal Convention law enforcement, the EC Regulation on air carrier liability in the event of accidents, the EC Regulation establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights are explained and described along with the Montreal Convention.The work contains a text synopsis of the Montreal Convention, the Warsaw Convention in the version of The Hague protocol from 1955 as well as the Warsaw Convention from 1929. Furthermore, in the appendix of the work, the Montreal Convention law enforcement, the European Community law on air carrier liability in the event of acci-dents and of denied boarding, cancellation or long delay of flights as well as on insurance requirements for air carriers and aircraft operators claims, the general terms of transport of IATA and the German Luf-thansa AG are also printed as well as further important international conventions, such as the Chicago Convention.