In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the formation, environmental monitoring and impact assessment of monsoons. Topics include the synergistic influence of El Nino/La Nina and Indian Ocean dipole on Indian summer monsoon rainfall; comparative characteristics of land surface thermal-hydrologic processes among monsoonal, non-monsoonal, and monsoon regions over Northern China during summer monsoon periods; Findlater jet intensity and characteristics in relation to Indian summer monsoons; and the characteristics of the change between dry and rainy seasons or summer and winter seasons using monitoring data during the Cambodian and Japanese monsoon zones.