This book is a unique collection of recent research on monetary policy. Various critical issues related to monetary policy are investigated in this book. How often, and why, do firms in Canada reset their prices? How does monetary policy in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom influence inflation expectations? What would the policy interest rates have been if the European Central Bank were to set the rates of individual member countries by responding to each member country's economic conditions? What is the monetary transmission mechanism in Papua New Guinea? What is the monetary transmission mechanism in Bulgaria under the currency board? Has monetary policy in China contributed to a decline in inflation and output volatility? These and other important issues are thoroughly examined in this book.