In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the characteristics, production and application of molybdenum. Topics discussed include the electrocatalysis of molybdenum containing substrates for fuel cell applications; morphology-controllable solvothermal synthesis of nano- and microcystals of molybdenum trioxide; molybdenum compounds as efficient additives to lubricants; molybdenum as a catalyst promoter in the growth of carbon nanotubes and the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of V2O5-MoO3.