Urology is a branch of medicine which focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system, and the defects of the male reproductive system. The organs studied in urology are the kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, urethra, urinary bladder, and the male reproductive organs. The field of urology is closely associated with the fields of gynecology, nephrology, oncology, colorectal surgery, endocrinology, gastroenterology, pediatric surgery and andrology. Urology is a broad discipline with a number of significant sub-disciplines, chief among which are endourology, neurourology, urologic oncology and reconstructive urology. Some of the surgical procedures in urology include bladder augmentation, Burch colposuspension, cystectomy, ileal conduit urinary diversion, intersex medical interventions, nephrotomy, nephrectomy, urostomy, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the theory and practice of modern urology. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in this field.