Science Diplomacy is an aid to improving international relations facilitating international scientific cooperation and supporting foreign policy objectives to address common issues between nations related to strategic growth, trade etc. Different countries have their own policies and they establish international cooperation in S&T through science diplomacy. Thus science as a diplomatic tool acts as an entry point to a headstrong society, and at the same time, breaks down politically focussed presumptions offering tangible benefits with a promising mode of growth. Science diplomacy also helps in fostering international collaborations among scientists in nations, where official diplomatic relations might be limited or strained, by providing a platform for scientists to engage in building capacity and networks, and evaluating progress and impact of challenges related to global climate change, energy security, sustainable agricultural production, biological security and many others issues. The present Publication is a follow up of the International Workshop on Science and Technology Diplomacy in Developing Countries organised at Tehran, Iran during 13-16 May 2012 by the NAM S&T Centre jointly with the Center for Innovation and Technology Cooperation of Iran (CITC). The book includes 19 research papers and status reports from 15 countries, presenting significant insights on the role of science diplomacy in conducting negotiations between the nations and also the skills in handling the affairs without arousing hostility in developing countries. It is expected to be of great value for the researchers, professionals and policy makers who are engaged in Science Diplomacy as a tool for developing international partnerships and collaborations, which in turn breaks the barrier among the nations and make a world a beautiful place to live in.