Soil and groundwater pollution caused by contaminants including petroleum hydrocarbons, represents a serious threat to the environment in NATO and NATO Partner countries. Solutions are needed that represent practical alternatives to costly remedial strategies yet still yield benefits to site managers. This publication comprises the presentations made at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop held in Sinaia, Romania 9 – 11 October, 2006. The contributions represent a wide range of issues and challenges related to contaminated site management from low cost solutions to petroleum contaminated sites to advances in biological treatment methods. This publication is meant to foster links between groups facing challenges cleaning up contaminated sites through presentations that explore the problems currently being addressed and solutions that are emerging in the field.