This textbook consists of three parts: basic concepts of statistics, advanced statistical methods, and design and analysis for medical research. Each chapter begins with challenging medical problems and related statistical methods and theories; to make the statistical ideas more easily understood, there is a section of “computer experiments” in each chapter where some basic statistical phenomena and related concepts are revealed. The statistical software SAS is used to carry out related statistical calculations.The aim of this book is to make medical students and researchers grasp easily the most useful tools of statistics for their medical research. It is done through various applications to a great number of medical problems, interesting demonstration of well-designed computer experiments and detailed explanation of statistical thinking.