The surgical techniques used in the maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure have a background of nearly 50 years since their initial presentation by Hilt Tatum in 1977. These surgical procedures have been the subject of numerous studies, some of the most relevant in terms of scientific evidence, demonstrating their efficacy and reliability in treating posterior maxillary atrophy. Maxillary sinus floor surgeries are indicated for placing a single implant or treating partial or complete maxillary edentulism. They are, and will remain, an essential element of oral implantology. This book's chapters are written by internationally renowned authors to provide readers with an overview of essential knowledge before undergoing a maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure.