Optimization theory and techniques are a primary area of study under applied mathematics. This book on mathematical optimization and modeling seeks to delve into its various concepts, theories and models. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on mathematical optimization have been included in this text which will provide useful insights to the readers. Mathematical theory of uncertainty, optimization under uncertainty, applications of uncertainty, etc. are some of the topics discussed extensively in this book. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of the book will help the readers understand the upcoming concepts and prospective applications of mathematical modeling and mathematical optimization.