Materials can be highly beneficial to humans when their properties are manipulated according to specific requirements. Materials science is a wide field, and can be considered as an interdisciplinary area. It deals with the study of the structure and properties of materials, manipulation of the properties and creation of new forms of materials so as to suit specific applications. This book discusses various topics such as advanced materials and processing, bio-materials (i.e. preparation and modification of new types of biomaterial), nanomaterials and optical materials. Prominent experts from diverse areas of materials science have contributed to this book and it will be beneficial for readers from the field of physical science.