The design and discovery of new materials, specifically solids, is referred to as materials science and engineering. It is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses various fields including physics, chemistry and engineering. It also includes metallurgy, ceramics, solid state physics and chemistry. Material science is concerned with understanding how the structure, performance and properties of a material are affected by its processing history. The understanding of the relationship between various characteristics of the material is known as materials paradigm. The different materials studied within this field are broadly classified into crystalline and amorphous materials. Some of the major types of materials studies within this field are nanomaterials, biomaterials, semiconductors, metals and ceramics. This textbook attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of materials science and engineering, and how such concepts have practical applications. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of this field. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.